Impact of Pests on Cereal Grain and Nutrient Yield in Boreal Growing Conditions

The effect of weeds, plant diseases and insect pests on spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain nutrient yield was examined. Long-term field trial data used to assess the impact different yield. In absence pesticides, fungal caused largest annual yield-reduction in barley, 500 kg ha?1 average. Converting loss this represented reductions 8.1 9.2 nitrogen 1.5 1.6 phosphorus, respectively. Likewise, it estimated that weeds decrease for 200 ha?1, which means 3.7 3.2 0.6 For varied between 418 745 However, because bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) incidence limited, aphids are highly variable annually, losses by were not included. Based current study, management insects maintain cereal crop may thus environmental risks unutilized nutrients.